Carbureter.



G. B. COLLIER.

GARBURETER.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 23, 1913.

Patented Sept. 15, 1914..

3 SHEETS-SHEET l,

(95 Jim/677E071 %Q% G. B. COLLIER. GARBURETER.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 23, 1913. 1, 1 1 0,482.

Patented Sept. 15, 1914.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

G. B. COLLIER.

OARBURETER.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 23, 1-913.

Patented Sept. 15, 1914.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

GUY B. COLLIER, OF KINDERHOOK, NEW YORK.

CARBURETER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed May 23, 1913. Serial No. 769,371

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that LGUY B. COLLIER, a citizen of the United States,residing at Kinderhook, in the county of Columbia and State of New York,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Carbureters; and Ido hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exactdescription of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in theart to which it appertains to make and use the same. 1

The present invention relates to carbureters for internal combustionmotors, and more particularly to carbureters which are employed forsecuring an explosive mixture of gas and air from the less volatileliquids, as kerosene.

It has long been endeavored to produce a carburetor in which variousliquids other than gasolene or benzin could .be successfully vaporizedand combined with air to form a true explosive mixture under varyingconditions of operation, but for various reasons none of the existingtypes of carbureters accomplish this end satisfactorily, although manyof them will operate with more or less indifferent success after themotor has been started with a more volatile fluid.

One object of the present invention is to provide a carbureter of animproved type which will successfully vaporize the more stablefuels andcombine them with air to form a true explosive mixture under allconditions of operation.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a carbureterwhich not only forms a true explosive mixture of this fuel, but whichcombines the gaseous fuel and air in such quantities as to form the mosteconomical mixture possible under various working conditions.

\Vith these objects in view, the various features of the inventionconsist in certain novel features of construction, combinations andarrangements of parts hereinafter described and claimed, the advantagesof which will be obvious to those skilled in the art from the followingdescription.

In the accompanying drawings illustrating the preferred form of theinvention, Figure 1 represents an elevation partly 1n section, of acarbureter embodying the several features of the invention in theirpreferred forms; Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation of the carbureter shownin Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is an elevatlon partly in section, of the carburetertaken at right angles to the View shown in Fig. 1; and Fig. 4 is adetail illustrating a vlew of the cam roll for operatively connectmg oneof the cam disks and operating arm.

The carbureter shown in the illustrated embodiment of the invention isdesigned for a variety of uses and may be employed, for

example, in connection with four-cycle automobile motors, two-cyclemotor boat eng nes, or the slower speed stationary engmes, and with anydesired fuel, but more particularly the lower distillates of petroleumoil, as kerosene.

The body of the carbureter is formed of a single integral castingindicated at l, which is substantially cylindrical in form and isprovided with an axial passage 2 extending from top to bottom of thecarbureter and forming the mixing chamber. At the bottom of thecarburetor, and'opening into the mixing chamber are fuel, water and airnozzles, indicated respectively at 5, 6 and 7. The nozzles, as shownclearly in Fig. 2, are threadedly mounted in the casing 1 and are alldirected toward a common point, the

Patented Sept. 15, 1914.

fuel and water nozzles being supported horizontally, and the air nozzlebeing supported vertically beneath them. Owing to the provlsion of thethreaded connections between the nozzle and the casing, the workingfaces of the nozzles may be adjusted toward and,

from one another to secure any desired relation of the various jets. Asthe fuel and water nozzles and governing valves are identical inconstruction, a description of one will sufiice. Each nozzle is providedwith an axial chamber 9, through which a needle valve 10 passes andcommunicates with the needle valve seat 11 in the usual manner. Theliquid flows into the chamber 9 from a chamber 12 formed in the casing lsurrounding the nozzle and communicating with the chamber 9 through aplurality of passages 13 formed in the nozzle. ,The chamber 12is inconstant communication with the float chamber 13 in which a constantlevel is maintained in the usual manner by a float 15. The air nozzle 7is provided with a needle valve 14 and is identical in construction withthe liquid nozzle, but the chamber 12 surrounding the air nozzle isconnect-ed through a pipe 17 with a compressed air tank from whichcommunication may be cut off when desired by a suitable valve 18. Withthis construction, when the valve 14 is opened a stream of compressedair issues from the nozzle 7 and breaks up the fuel and water threadsissuing from the nozzles 5 and 6, causing an intimate mixture of theliquid vapor and air. In some cases it is founddesirable to employ thecom- I of a proper amount of air when the compressed air nozzle is notin use, and the only function, therefore, of the valve 21 is to eithercut off the flow of air through the passage entirely, or to permit anunrestricted flow of air through the passage when the air nozzle isinoperative.

It is a well recognized fact that when operating with the heavier andless volatile grades of fuel, a more sensitive and uniform mixture isobtained by heating the vapor during its passage through the carbureter.This is commonly accomplished in many forms of carbureters by employingthe exhaust of the engine to heat the air which is drawn into thecarbureter and mixes with the fuel, or by providing a hot water jacketsurrounding the mixing chamber which communicates with the hot Waterjacket of the motor, but both of these constructions are objectionableinat least one respect, as they have no provision for heating the mixtureuntil after the motor is started, and as the vapor must be heated toproduce a uniform mixture, when starting up and operating on kerosene ithas been found necessary inmany cases to first start the motor ongasolene and then shift to kerosene. In order to overcome theseobjections the present carbureter is provided with a heating coil,indicated at 23, and located in the lower portion of the mixing chamber.This coil is insulated from the casing 1 through the provision of twoblocks of insulating material 24, through which pass the leads to theterminals 25 and 26. The passage of the heating current through the coilis controlled by a double throw switch 28, which,

when the circuit is closed, is connected directly to the, terminal 25through a wire 30 upon one side and upon the opposite side is connectedto the terminal 26 through the resistance coil 31 and either through thebatteries 32 or generator 33, depending upon whether the arm of theswitch engages with the contact 34 or the contact 35. With thisconstruction the circuit may be closed of the invention this variationof the resistance is controlled automatically in ac cord-ance with theextent of the throttle opening, and the circuit opened at approximatelyfull throttle opening To this end the arm 36 of the resistance coil isconnected through a link 37 with one arm 38 ofa bell crank secured tothe butterfly throttle valve 39. Upon opening the throttle theconnecting rod 37 is moved in the direction of the arrow to increase theamount of resistance in the circuit, and consequently cut down thecurrent which passes throu h the coil 23. In addition to the heating eect of the coil 23, the mixing chamber is provided with an annularheating jacket 40 which communicates with the exhaust pipe 41 through apassage 42. v

In the illustrated embodiment of the invention, as shown clearly in Fig.2, a portion of the exhaust gases passes from the exhaust pipe throughthe annular chamber 40 and thence out through an exhaust pipe 43 whichcommunicates with the main exhaust pipe. The admission of the exhaustgases to the heating jacket is regulated by a segmental valve 44 whichis rotatably mounted at the junction of the passages 41 and 42, as shownclearly in Fig. 2, and is partially rotated to divert either a part or awhole of the exhaust gases through the annular jacket 40. As thethrottle is opened the amount of heated gas passing outwardly throughthe exhaust pipe 41 greatly increases, and in order to maintain theheating jacket and mixing chamber within the proper temperature. limitsit is desirable to automatically reduce the relative proportion of gaspassing through the heating chamher. To this end the valve 44 isconnected through suitable mechanism with the throttle valve, and isautomatically controlled thereby and arranged to divert aproportionately lesser quantity of the exhaust gases through the heatingjacket as the throttle is opened. The valve 44 is mounted upon a shaft45 to which an arm 46 is secured and the free end of the arm 46 isconnected through a rod 48 with a cam disk 50 loosely journaled upon asupporting shaft 49. The cam disk 50 is connected through a link 51 withan arm 52 of the bell crank which is secured to the butterfly throttlevalve 39. Thus, with this construction, as the throttle valve is openedthe cam disk is rotated in the direction of the arrow and through theconnecting rod 48 rocks the valve 44 and gradually closes the pas- Isage 42.

In order to accommodate the heating effect of the exhaust gases todifferent tem perature changes, the arm 46, as shown clearly in Fig. 1,is adjustably Secured to the shaft 45 through a split collar andclamping bolt 53, enabling the position of the valve to be variedrelative to the cam disk 50.

It will be obvious to those skilled in the art that the amount ofheat'necessary to maintain the temperature of the mixing chamber withinthe proper limits will depend partially upon the nature of, the fuel andthe quantity of water employed- 7 From the above description it will beob- .vious to those skilled in the art that as the throttle is openedand the motor takes up its normal speed of rotation, the current passedthrough the heating coil 23 is gradually decreased and under certainconditions is eventually cut off altogether, and at the same time theproportionate amount of exhaust gas passing through the annular jacketis decreased, but as the heat and quantity of the exhaust gases havebeen greatly increased in the meantime, the temperature of the heatingjacketand mixing chamber is maintained within the proper limits.

- In addition to heating the mixture as it passes through the mixingchamber to thoroughly volatilize the liquid, it is desirable"to'mechanically agitate this mixture in its passage from the carbureterto the motor to cause a thorough and intimate mixture of the fuel, air,and whatever other constituents are present, and to produce a moreuniform and rapid heating of the mixture. To this end the mixingchamber, as shown clearly in Fig. 2, is formed as an elongatedcylindrical passageway having a shaft 55. journaled therein, upon whichare supported a plurality of paddle wheels 56. The shaft is jour naledat its opposite ends in spiders 57 se cured-in the casing, and ispreferably r0 tated by the passage of the gas through a paddle wheel 58securedto the upper end of the shaft and having its blades inclined tothe plane of rotation.

Although in the illustrated embodiment of the invention the agitatorshaft is ope:- ated by the passage of the gas through the mixingchamber, yet it is to be understood that this is not essential and thatthe shaft may be operated, if so desired, in any other suitable manner.In addition to the use of kerosene or other fuel of this type, it issometimes advisable to employ gasolenc or other lighter and volati efuel for the purpose of readily forming an explosive mlxture to startthe motor. To

this end a fuel nozzle 60 is secured in the casing 1 and pro ects intothe passageway 20, as shown clearly in Fig This nozzle is connected inthe usual manner with a float chamber 61 and source of gasolene (notshown) and is normally maintained inoperative by cutting ofi'the supplyof gasolene through a suitable hand wheel 62.

In order to either maintain a uniform mixture under varying conditionsof throttle opening and suction in the motor, or to automatically varythe proportions of the mixture as desired, the opening of the variousnozzles is automatically controlled to varythe supply through thenozzles as desired. The compressed air needle valve 14 is operativelyconnected with the cam disk 50 through a lever 60 pivoted between itsends at 61. needle valve between two stop nuts 63 which are threadedlymounted upon the needle valve and serve as an adjustment, allowing theopening of the valve to be varied for the'same position of the lever 60.The opposite end of the lever is maintained in engagement with the camrib 65 adjustably secured to the periphery of the cam disk 50 andserving to accurately open the needle valve in accordance with theopening of the throttle. The end of the arm 60 is provided with a' camroll 66 loosely journaled thereon and held in engagement with the camrib by a tension spring .67 connected to the arm.

In order to automatically T govern the opening of the fuel and Waterneedle valves in a like manner they are connected respectively to camribs 69 and 70 through connections similar to those described inconnection with the compressed air needle valve. With the abovedescribed construction the opening of the various needle valves is-controlled automatically according to the opening of'the throttle andthe amount to which each valve is opened maybe regulated accurately byadjusting the position of the needle valve operating lever with relationto the stem of the needle valve through the stop nuts 63.

In the preferred form of the invention it is desired to so position anddesign the cam rib 7 0 governing the Water needle valve that the waterneedle valve does not become operative until the throttle is from onethird to two thirds full open, and from this point t is opening of thewater valve is gradually increased.- It will be obvious, to thoseskilled in the art that by suitably changing the shape and lead of thecam ribs any desired character and magnitude ofthe needle valve openingsmaybe obtained.

In addition to varying certain of the con stituents of the explosivemixture according to the amount of throttle opening itis furtherdesirable to control the character of the mixture in accordance with thedegree of vacuum in the intake manifold. To this end the presentcarbureter is provided With a compensating device operatively connectedOne. end of the lever engages the supply valves in proportion to thedegree of vacuum in the intake pipe.

The compensator is 7 dicated at 72 and is provided with an inner.-chamber 73 and an outer annular chamber 75 communicating with oneanother through pasages 76 formed in the bottom of the dividingpartition.

'- The chamber 73 is in free communication withthe intake manifoldthrough the pipe 78, and the chamber 75 is in constant communicationwith the atmosphere through the opening 79. The two chambers are filledwith mercury to approximatelythe helght shown in Fig. 1, and as thepressure upon the surfaces of the mercury varies with the degree ofvacuum in the intake manlfold the height of mercury in the innerchamber, owing to the greater atmospheric pressure in the outer chamberwill normally rise. To prevent splashing of the liquid under difierentconditions a plurality. of steel balls 80 are disposed in the annularchamber 75and float upon the surface of the mercury. The inner chamberis provided with a float 82 of any suitable type which is connected witha cam disk 86 through alink 85 and a rod 84 secured at its opposite endsto the float and to the link 85 and slidingly supported in the I of theinvention the opening of the throttle casing of the compensator.

The cam disk 86, as shown clearl in Fig. 3, is loosely journaled uponthesha t 49 outside of the cam disk 50. With this construction it will bereadily seen that as the level of mercury in the chamber .73 rises andfalls the correspondin movement of the float will be imparted to t e camdisk 86.

In the present embodiment of the invention the cam disk 86 controls theopening of the auxiliary air intake valves and serves preferably toclose the air valves and cause a lesser amount of air to be combined inthe mixture as the vacuum is increased by closing the throttle, or byspeeding up the engine with a constant vthrottle opening by lighteningthe load. An air intake passage 88 opens into the mixing chamber abovethe nozzles and is provided with a butterfly valve 89 which is operatedthrough a pair of segmental gears 90 and 91 operatively con-- nected tothe cam disk through anarm 94 and cam roll 95 engaging the cam rib 93adjustably secured to the disk. In addition to the above described airintake a further quantity of air is admitted to the carbureter at theupper end of the -mixing chamber. This air passes in through the lowerportion of a chamber 97 and is heated in its passage through the chamberbefore" being combined with the mixture by providing an annular chamberwhich surrounds the heating jacket so that the walls of the chamber withwhich the incoming air contacts are main= taiued at a igher temperaturethan the air.

closed, and as the throttle tle opening. In order to are of the formshown clearly in Fig. 4

"In order to aid the passage of the incoming the intake passage 103 andprovided with an arm 104 which is operatively connected with a cam rib106 secured to the cam disk 86. With this construction, as the cam diskis rotated, owing. to an increased vacuum in the intake manifold thevalve is closed to cause a decreased flow of air. In addition to theintake of air through this valve the opposite side of the chamber isprovided with an intakepassage 110 in which is located a valve 112normally closed by a spring 113. When the suction in the chamberovercomes the force of the spring the valve is opened until a cap 114secured to'the stem .of the valve contacts with a stationary abutment115. This valve is designed and intended to admit the proper quantity ofair to the chamber 97 when the throttle is nearly is gradually opened,air is also. admitted through the valve 102.

Although in the illustrated embodiment governs the opening of the needlevalves, and the vacuum in the intake manifold governs the auxiliary airintakes, yet it is to be understood that under certain conditions it maybe advisable to control the opening'of all or part of the needle valvesby the-vacuum in the intake or to control the opening of the auxiliaryair valves through the throtreadily accomplish these changes the camrolls connecting the various valves with the cam disks and 86 having anelongated hub 117 and an en larged head 118. These, cam rolls are of the"same size and are so proportioned with respect to the positions of thetwo cam disks that by reversing any one of the cam'rolls. the enlargedhead may be positioned in the plane of either one of the cam disks andthe operation of the valves accordingly governed either by the throttleopening or the vacuum in the intake manifold. Further-. more, althoughin the illustrated embodiment of the invention the increase of vacuumoperates to close the auxihary air valve,

it will be understood that" by reversing the position of the cam ribsupon the cam disk 86 the valves may be opened with an increasing degreeof vacuum instead of closed.

ily understood when it is explained that the carbureter is to be usedfor both stationary engines and automobile engines in which v certain oftheconditions are entirely disf The importance of this change will bereadsimilar. For example, when operating .with stationary engines thespeed is ordinarily governed automatically and it is desirable to cutdown the air and prevent racing of the engine when the vacuum exceeds acertain limit. On the other hand in operating automobile motors with acertain throttle opening and vacuum the volume of air taken into thecarbureter may be increased to speed up the motor and cause the use of amore economical mixture.

While it is preferred to employ the spe-- cific construction andarrangement of parts shown and described, it will be understood thatthis construction and arrangement is not essential except so far asspecified in the claims, and may be changed or modified withoutdeparting from the broader features of the invention.

The invention having been described, what is claimed is 1. A carbureter,having in combination, a central mixing chamber, a fuel nozzle openinginto the bottom of the mixing chamber, an air nozzle arranged to atomizethe jet from the fuel nozzle, a heating jacket surrounding the mixingchamber, a supplemental air intake chamber surrounding the heatingjacket and opening into the upper portion of the mixing chamber, and athrottle valve controlling the admission of the mixture to the intakemanifold.

2. A carbureter comprising a mixing chamber, a throttle valve, fuel andair nozzles located in the lower portion of the mixing chamber andarranged to atomize the fuel, a resistance coil supported in the mixingchamber above the nozzles, means for completing an electric circuitthrough the coil to cause the coil to impart heat to the atomizedmixture, and means for varying the resistance in the circuit inaccordance with the throttle.

8. A carbureter comprising a mixing chamber, a heating jacketsurrounding the mixing chamber, an annular air chamber surrounding theheating jacket and opening into the upper portion of the mixing chamber,a throttle valve, a valve for admitting air to the air chamber when thethrottle valve is nearly closed, a supplemental valve for admitting airto the air chamber, and means for opening the supplemental valve inaccordance with the opening of the throttle valve.

4. A carbureter comprising fuel and water nozzles supportedhorizontally, an air nozzle supported vertically beneath the firstmentioned nozzles, a needle valve supported in each of the nozzles, andmeans for adjusting the nozzles toward and from one another.

5. A carbureter, having, in combination, a mixing chamber, a fuelnozzle, a water nozzle, an air nozzle arranged to atomize the jets fromthe fuel and water nozzles, a throttle valve, and means for increasingthe fuel and air jets as the throttle is opened and for opening thewater nozzle at a predetermined point in the opening of the'throttlevalve.

6. A carbureter, having, in combination, a mixing chamber, a fuelnozzle, an air nozzle" arranged to atomize the jet from the fuel nozzle,a heating coil for heating the atomized fuel and air, an auxiliary airinlet below the heating coil, an auxiliary air inlet valve forcontrolling the passage of air through the auxiliary air inlet, athrottle valve, mechanism for controlling the throttle valve, and aconnection from said mechanism to the auxiliary inlet valve forcontrolling said valve in accordance with the throttle.

7. A carbureter, having, in combination, a mixing chamber, a fuelnozzle, an air nozzle arranged to atomize the jet from the fuel nozzle,an electric heating coil in the mixing chamber above the nozzles, athrottle valve, and means for increasing the flow of fuel and airthrough the nozzles and for decreasing the, current through the heatingcoil as the throttle valve is opened.

8. A carbureter, having, in combination, a mixin chamber, a fuel nozzle,an air nozzle arranged to atomize the jet from the fuel nozzle, anelectric heating coil above the nozzles, a throttle valve, an auxiliaryair inlet, and means for opening the auxiliary air inlet as the throttlevalve is opened.

9. A carbureten'having, in combination, a mixing chamber, a fuel nozzle,av Water nozzle, an air nozzle arranged to atomize the jets from thefuel and water nozzles an auxiliary air inlet at the bottom of themixing chamber, means for heating the mixing chamber, and an air inletfor admitting air to the top of the mixing chamber.

10. A carbureter, having, in combination, a mixing chamber, a fuelnozzle, a water nozzle, an air nozzle arranged to atomize the jets fromthe fuel and water nozzles, means for heating the mixing chamber, anauxiliary air inlet at the bottom of the mixing chamber, a secondauxiliary air inlet arranged to admit air to the top of the mixingchamber, a throttle valve, and means for controlling the two auxiliaryair inlets in accordance with the throttling.

11. A carbureter, having, in combination, a mixing chamber, a fuelnozzle, an air nozzle arranged to atomize the ct from the fuel nozzle, athrottling valve, a compensating device governed by the degree of vacuumin the intake manifold, and means for controlling one or more of thenozzles either through connections with the throttling valve or throughconnections with the compensating device.

12. A carbureter, having, in combination,

a mixing chamber, a fuel nozzle, a Water nozzle, an air nozzle arrangedto atomize the jets from the fuel and Water nozzles, an auxiliary airinlet, a throttling valve, a compensating device governed by the degreeof vacuum in the intake manifold, and means for-controlling one or moreof the nozzles and the auxiliary air intake either through connectionswith the throttle valve or through connections with the compensatingdevice.

13. A carbureter, having, in combination, a mixing chamber, a fuelnozzle, an air nozzle arranged to atomize the jet from the fuel nozzle,an electric heating coil above the nozzles, a heating jacket surroundingthe mixing chamber, a valve for diverting exhaust gases through theheating jacket, a throttle valve, and means for automatically decreasingthe current through the heating coil and for operating the valve todecrease the supply of exhaust gases in the heating jacket as thethrottle is opened.

14. A carbureter, having, in combination, a mixing chamber, a fuelnozzle, a Water nozzle, an air nozzle arranged to atomize the jets fromthe fuel and Water nozzles, means for heating the mixing chamber, anauxiliary air inlet at the bottom of the mixing chamber, a throttlingvalve, an air inlet at the top of the mixing chamber, two valvescontrolling the-admission of air to the air inlet, one automaticallyoperated by the suction anterior to the throttle, and the othercontrolled by the vacuum in the intake manifold.

15. A carbureter, having, in combination, a mixing chamber, a fuelnozzle, a Water nozzle, an air nozzle arranged to atomize the jets fromthe fuel and Water nozzles, an electric heating coil above the nozzles,an auxiliary air inlet entering the bottom of the mixing chamber abovethe nozzles, a heating jacket above the mixing. chamber, an air chambersurrounding the heating jacket and communicating with the top of themixing chamber, an auxiliary air inlet for admitting air to the airchamber, an agitator in the mixing chamber, a thro'ttle valve, and meansfor controlling the nozzles and air inlets in accordance With thethrottling.

16. A carbureter, having, in combination, a mixing chamber, a fuelnozzle, a Water nozzle, an air nozzle arranged toatomize the jets fromthe fuel and Water nozzles, an electric heating coil above the nozzles,an auxiliary air inlet entering the .bottom of the mixing chamber abovethe nozzles, a heating jacket above the mixing chamber, an air chambersurrounding the heating jacket and communicating with the top of themixing chamber, an auxiliary air inlet for admitting air to the airchamber, an agitator in the mixing chamber, a throttle valve, and meansfor controlling the nozzles and air inlets either through connectionWith the throttle valve or by the vacuum in the intake manifold.

17. A carbureter, having, in combination, a mixing chamber, a fuelnozzle, an air nozzle arranged to atomize the jet from the fuel nozzle,an air intake arranged to direct air across the fuel nozzle, a valve foropening and closing the air intake, and a valve for cutting off thesuppl yof air to the air nozzle.

18. A carbureter, having, in combination, a mixing chamber, a fuelnozzle, a water nozzle, an air nozzle arranged to atomize the jets fromthe fuel and Water nozzles, an air intake arranged to direct air acrossthe fuel nozzle, a valve for opening and closin the air intake, and avalve for cutting 01% the supply of air to the air nozzle.

GUY B. COLLIER.

Witnesses:

BURTON W. CARY, M. ArHURLEY.

